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Chicago and much of its residential areas draw their water from Lake Michigan, but the majority of northern Illinois's water is pumped from underground wells. Some areas deal with a decreasing supply of water; around Joliet the water table has been reduced numerous feet given that the early 20th century. Most of the state's lakes are man-made.

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Across the state, seasonal temperature variation also tends to be excellent, with normally cold, snowy winter seasons and hot summer seasons; extremes are rather ameliorated around Lake Michigan. Mean winter season temperatures are about 22 F (6 C) in the north and 37 F (3 C) in the south; summertime equivalents, respectively, are 74 F (23 C) and 80 F (27 C).

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The growing season differs from 205 days in the south to 155 days in the northern most counties. Plant and animal life Illinois vegetational areas are separated into the tallgrass meadow of northern and central Illinois and the oak-hickory forest of the western and southern areas. Just tiny pieces of the original tallgrass prairie have been preserved, and some little areas have actually been reconstructed; the largest brought back grassy field in the state is Midewin National Tallgrass Meadow, near Joliet.

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The inhabitants, needing wood for fuel and building and construction product and the lumbering market, stripped the majority of the trees, which left just 10 percent forest cover in Illinois. More than 6,200 square miles (16,000 square km) of forests stay, some 1,100 square miles (2,800 square km) of them in Shawnee National Park.

Both Northern and Southern wildflowers grow in Illinois, as do a range of trees, such as white pines, tamaracks, walnuts, cypresses, and tupelos.  Read This , southwest of Harrisburg, Illinois. Thanks to the Illinois Department of Organization and Economic Opportunity, Bureau of Tourist Before 1800 abundant wildlife wandered the prairies and forests, however bison, bears, wolves, mountain lions (pumas), porcupines, and elk have actually vanished.

By the early 21st century the variety of white-tailed deer in the state had actually reached into the hundreds of thousands. Coyotes and foxes can be discovered in woodlands and other natural areas and, progressively, around metropolitan locations. Video game birds such as quail and pheasant are not as abundant as in previous times, however waterfowl are plentiful throughout the spring and fall migrations.